Faculty of Education

LEVEL 100

ESS 108: Economics for SSS; ESS 105: Physical & Regional Geography for SSS;
ESS 103: Map Work & Practical Geography for SSS; ESS 107: Accounting for SSS;ESS 109: Management for SSS (3 Credits)
These courses are designed particularly to take students through the syllabuses for SSS subjects to give them an in-depth knowledge of content. This will enable them to handle content effectively.

BUS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS I - 3 CREDITS
This course is designed to provide students with a broad understanding of concepts, principles and general practices in business. The specific objectives are to introduce students to the nature, structure and major business activities and to enable students appreciate the integrated nature of business activities and in particular help them to develop perspectives on key business issues. Topics to be covered include nature and scope of business, business and its environment, forms of business organization, management and organization, production and operations management, marketing and documents used in business.

BUS 102 - INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS II - 3 CREDITS
The course explores the increasingly important roles of business in society. Topics to be covered include money and banking, methods of payment used in business, source of finance, securities market, insurance, foreign exchange market, international trade and human resource management.

BUS 103 -PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING I – 3 CREDITS
This course designed to provide students with the principles and concepts of financial accounting.  The specific objectives are to enable the students to define accounting and explain the purpose of accounting information, explain accounting concepts and conventions, locate and correct errors in the books of account, keep records of fixed assets acquisition and disposal, prepare basic financial statements for sole proprietorship, partnerships, companies, and non-profit making organizations.  Topics to be covered include introduction to the conceptual framework of accounting, major concepts undertaking financial statements, the basic accounting cycle – recording business transactions, journal, ledger, adjusting entries and correction of errors, preparation and presentation of financial statements for sole proprietorships.  It also deals with bank reconciliation and depreciation of fixed assets.

BUS 104 - PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING II   -3 CREDITS
This course designed to provide students with the principles and concepts of financial accounting.  The specific objectives are to enable the students to define accounting and explain the purpose of accounting information, explain accounting concepts and conventions, locate and correct errors in the books of account, keep records of fixed assets acquisition and disposal, prepare basic financial statements for sole proprietorship, partnerships, companies, and non-profit making organizations.
Specific topics include control accounts, manufacturing accounts, and accounts for non-profit organizations, single entry and incomplete records.  It also deals with introduction to partnership accounts and company accounts

CLA 101: INTRODUCTION TO GREEK CIVILIZATION - 2 CREDITS
This course introduces students to the foundations of Western Arts through the study of ancient Greek civilization. Students will have a broad exposure to the Literature and Political and Social life of the ancient Greeks.

CSC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING - 3CREDITS
A comparative study of development of computers. Hardware-definitions, type of hardware. The John Von Neuman Model. The organization and the function of the various components of the Computer. Input, output and backing storage devices. The concept of data processing. The data processing sequence, types of data of data processing systems. Data organization and data capture (direct and indirect), data checking-verification and validation. Representation of data with the computer: internal storage of characters, integers and machine instructions with reference to bit patterns. Bits bytes and words. Hexadecimal and decimal system. Practical; Dos, Windows, Word and Excel.

CSC 102: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING II - 3 CREDITS
Formation of Algorithm, concept of flowcharting, programming techniques-elements of BASIC, elementary programming operation, Input, Output, loops, conditional and unconditional jumps, arrays, subroutines, procedures, sorting and searching techniques. String processing, data validation, concept of file processing and programme structure. Program testing and documentation. Practical session on BASIC programming.

ECO 101: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS I - 3 CREDITS
The course introduces students to the theories of household’s decisions, production decisions of firms, and market structure. The course also enables the students to analyse the impact of government policies on the decisions of households and business firms.

ECO 102: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS II -3 CREDITS
This course introduces students to basic macroeconomic concepts. Models and their applications. The course covers the concept of national income and its determination, money creation, banking structure, and the trade off between inflation and unemployment. The course enables the students to analyse the impact of fiscal and monetary polices on the macroeconomic variables.

EDF 102: SOCIAL/PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION - 3 CREDITS
This course is in two parts. The first part deals with the social functions of education while the second part deals with Western and African philosophical ideals that underpin the aims, content, method and organization of education in Ghana.

EPS 101 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - 3 CREDITS
This is a comprehensive source designed to introduce prospective teachers to the psychological influences responsible for the behaviour and learning characteristics of individual students. It includes knowledge of the forces of nature and nature as they affect the physical, psycho-social, cognitive and moral characteristics of the learner in school. It also includes knowledge on how the teacher can identify special needs in the individual as well as the principles and strategies to employ in helping and counseling learners to develop their potentials is full.

GEO 101 ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
The course provides an overview of the physical environment with emphasis on the distribution of landforms, atmosphere, weather and climate, vegetation, and soils; historical and theoretical perspectives on physical factors; the physical and human inter-relationship and the utilization of the physical environment by humans and the implications of the exploitation for the physical environment.

GEO 102 ELEMENT OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
The scope of the course is the distribution of humans and activities in space. Among the topics to be covered are world population and its distribution; patterns of growth and demographic characteristics of selected populations; human settlement patterns and functions; urban and rural settlements; the concept of resources; types of resources and their global distribution; the role of population movement, goods, and ideas in socio-economic development.

MAT 101 ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY - 3 CREDITS
The Cumulative associative and distributive properties of union and intersection of sets. DeMorgan’s law. Cartesian product of sets. The real number system; natural numbers, integers rational and irrational numbers. Properties of addition and multiplication on the set of real numbers. Relation of order in the system of real numbers. Linear, quadratic and other polynomial functions, rational algebraic functions, absolute value functions, containing radicals and their graphical representations. Inequalities in one and two variables. Application to linear programming. Indices and logarithms, their laws and applications. Binomial theorem for integral and rational indices and their application. Linear and exponential series. Operations on matrices up to 3 x 3. Inverse of a matrix. Determinants and their use in solving systems of linear equations.

MAT 102 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY AND CALCULUS  - 3 CREDITS
Rectangular Cartesian co-ordinate systems. Distance between two points, gradient of line, co-ordinates of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Equation of a circle in the form(x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2; x2 + y2 + 2xg + 2fg + c. Points of intersection of lines and circles. Limit of a function and its interpretation as the rate of change. Higher order derivatives. Differentiation of algebraic, circular exponential functions. Sum, product and quotient roles. Differentiation of composite, absolute value and implicit function. Small increments and calculation of approximate values. Application of derivative to increasing and decreasing of functions, maxima and minima. Curve sketching, integration as the inverse of differentiation. Integration of simple continuous functions and rational functions by substitution. Parametric representation of loci. The parabola, ellipse and rectangular hyperbola. Chords, tangents and normals.

PHL 101 PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY - 2 CREDITS
This course introduces students to the subject matter of philosophy. Three main branches of the discipline-metaphysics, epistemology and ethics – will each be introduced in the form of a problem. Questions such as the following will be raised for discussion. What is the nature of being? How do we determine when a knowledge claim is true and when it is false? Do moral statements refer to any objective states of affairs or are they mere emotional outbursts? Students will also be introduced to the rudiments of logical reasoning

SOC 101 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY I (SOCIETY AND CULTURE) - 3CREDITS
An Introductory Sociology should enable students to acquire a new vision of the social experience and sharpening of their observational and analytical skills. There is a review of the foundations and principles of social order, social control and social institutions with specific emphasis on major sociological concepts. Besides, man’s adaptation of is environment and the creation of a “blue print” for his attitudes, belief and behaviour come into sharp focus.

SOC 102 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY II: MAN & SOCIETY (PSYCHOLOGY) 3 CREDITS
This course will enable the students to understand the history and nature of Man in his totality  - as a physical being, a product of evolution and a part of nature. Man is also studied as a socio-cultural being in relation.

BUS 201 - LAW OF CONTRACT I - 3 CREDITS
This course is to introduce students to the basic principles of contract law. Specifically, it would deal with how contracts are formed, how the courts police contracts, the rights of contracting parties, the remedies available for breach of contract and factors that would vitiate a contract.  Topics to be covered include nature of the law of contract, sources and foundation of law of contract, formation of unilateral and bilateral contracts, consideration, and the doctrine of privity.  It also deals with representation and terms.

BUS 202 - LAW OF CONTRACT II - 3 CREDITS
This is a continuation of BUS 201 – Law of Contract I. Specific topics covered under this course include conditions, warranties and innominate terms, misrepresentation, exemption clauses, mistake, frustration, breach and remedies

BUS 203   - QUANTITATIVE METHODS I - 3 CREDITS
This course is designed to provide students with the basic Mathematical / Statistical techniques needed for business decisions.  By the end of the course, students should be able to present the results of Mathematical and statistical analysis in a form suitable for management decision-making; compute, explain and used financial and other numerical data to aid financing and investing decisions.  Topics to be covered include: Measures of Control Tendencies, Measure of Dispersion for Grouped and Ungrouped Data; Data Presentation; Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions, Differential and Integral Calculus, Time Value of Money and Techniques of Capital Budgeting.

BUS 207    PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT   - 3 CREDITS
This course designed to provide the student with an in depth understanding of the basic skills in handling the issues of management at various levels of the organizational setting.  It addresses itself to the theoretical and practical issues of the system of organization, focusing on the management process, organizational theory and behaviour, and aids to management.

COM 201 - INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING I    - 3 CREDITS
This course is designed to enable the students to explain the statutory provisions regarding the preparation of final accounts of partnerships and companies in Ghana, prepare the financial statements of partnerships and Companies in Ghana, interpret and analysis the financial statements of companies for corporate and investment decision-making, demonstrate the knowledge and skills required to carry out the financial, accounting functions in commerce and industry.  Topics to be covered include the legal provisions for accounting for accounting for partnerships in Ghana, financial statement of partnerships, revaluation of a firm, changes in the constitution of a partnership and dissolution of partnership.  It also deals with Joint Venture Accounts, consignment Accounts and Royalty Accounts

COM 202 INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING II   -   3 CREDITS
It deals with amalgamation – its meaning and accounting standard requirements, conversion of a partnership to a limited liability company, it also deals with company accounts in relation to issue, forfeiture and redemption of shares, issue, forfeiture and redemption of debenture and preparation of final accounts for non-group limited companies for internal use and for publication.  Preparation of cash flow statements, as well as branch accounts (excluding foreign branches)

ECO 201: ELEMENTS OF ECONOMICS I - 3 CREDITS
The course introduces students to the concept of scarcity and choice, price determination, theories of household decisions at a higher level, production and cost decisions of firms, and different forms of market structures. The course develops the capacity of students to analyse the impact of policy variables on the decisions of the various economic agents.

ECO 202 ELEMENTS OF ECONOMICS II - 3 CREDITS
The course introduces different approaches for the measurement of national income, problems encountered in the measurement of national income and solutions for the problems of measurement. The course covers the determination of national income and concept of multiplier for closed as well as open economy. Other topics that are covered include consumption function, investment function, accelerator principles, inflation and unemployment, credit creation, theories of money, role of fiscal and monetary policies. The course intends to help students to understand the key macroeconomic issues and policy decisions of national governments and how these policies impact on the national economy.

ECO 203: MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMISTS I - 3 CREDITS
This course is designed to introduce students to basic mathematical techniques which are applicable to mathematical treatment of micro-and macro- economic analysis. The course introduces the concepts of equations and functions, differentiation, integration, discounted cash flows and annuities. The course enables the students to apply mathematics in order to understand the impact of economic policies on various economic agents and the economy as a whole.

ECO 204: MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIST II - 3 CREDITS
This course introduces students to further mathematical techniques that are applicable to mathematical treatment of micro-and macro-economic analysis. The course introduces the differentiation and integration of different forms of functions, matrix algebra, and difference and differential equations. The course enables the students to understand system of simultaneous equations, and business cycles.

EPS 201 EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS - 3 CREDITS
The course introduces students to the nature of statistics with a description of variables, scales of measurement and the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics. Data representation is treated with emphasis on frequency distributions, histograms, polygons, gives, bar and pie charts as well as box and whisker plots. The nature and role of the measures of location, variability and relative position are explained.
Students are introduced to the concept of probability with emphasis on the addition and multiplication roles and the nature, properties and applications of the normal distribution. Measures of relationship and correlation are explained and their roles in education are discussed. Basic ideas about statistical inference (sampling distributions) are treaded leading to an introduction to hypothesis testing. Statistical tools such as regression analysis, chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test. One-way analysis of variance and the Kruskall-Wallis test are mentioned briefly with emphasis on when they can be used.

EPS 204: SPECIAL EDUCATION - 3 CREDITS
This course introduces the prospective teacher to the current issues confronting identification management and teaching of children with special needs I n the regular classroom. The course covers issues on inclusive education and mainstreaming.  Topics to be treated include mental retardation, learning disabilities, behavioural and emotional disorders, and hearing-impairment, gifted and talented, communication disorders.

ESS 206 NATURE OF ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
An examination of the principles, concepts and purpose of economics; the development of economics as an academic subject and the importance of studying economics.

ESS 207 CURRICULAR AND INSTRUCTIONAL ISSUES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES EDUCATION    3 CREDITS
This course traces the development of economics, geography, business and history as school subjects.  It examines the educational value of these disciplines and discusses the psychological bases for teaching them.  It reviews research that undergirds curriculum development and methods of teaching the social sciences. It also examines new trends in the assessment of teaching and learning of the social sciences.

ESS 210 NATURE OF GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
This programme focuses on the examination of principles, concepts and purposes of geography, equipping students with the knowledge, skills and tools in geography and the development of geography as an academic subject.

ESS 211 METHODS OF TEACHING GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
This course has been designed to make learners get acquainted with the general methods of teaching and how they could be applied in the teaching of various aspects of geography.  This course is also to make students relate their experiences in the areas of teaching the various components and how they can improve upon the effectiveness of the teaching of Geography.

ESS 212 CURRICULUM STUDIES IN GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
This course focuses on enhancing the student’s understanding of the concept ‘curriculum’ and introducing them to the basic principles and process of its development.  It attempts to guide students to critically examine the geography syllabus for senior secondary level of education, using the knowledge and understanding gained in order to add a practical perspective.  The course aims to contribute to the professional competence of Geography graduates and to sharpen their skills for implementing the geography course at the senior secondary level.

ESS 231 METHODS OF TEACHING ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course deals with the general principles and strategies for teaching Economics in schools.  It examines various methods, strategies and techniques necessary for effective teaching of Economics.  It also covers the preparation of syllabus, scheme of work, lesson plans and evaluation of instruments appropriate for teaching Economics.

ESS 232 CURRICULUM STUDIES IN ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
This course aims at introducing the concept “curriculum” to students and highlights the various aspects of curriculum its dimensions, determinants and process.  A critical analysis of the senior secondary school economics syllabus-structure, content, etc. forms a key component of the course.

ESS 241 METHODS OF TEACHING BUSINESS STUDIES - 3 CREDITS
The aim of this course is to expose students to the various strategies, methods and techniques of teaching business studies.  It also includes the use of audio-visual aids in business studies, evaluation and assessment procedures.

ESS 242 CURRICULUM STUDIES IN BUSINESS STUDIES - 3 CREDITS
This course covers issues such as the concept “curriculum” and its various dimensions such as formulation of objectives, curriculum development, curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation.  In short, the course helps students to understand the stages of curriculum planning and development as well the principal function of business studies in the school curriculum.

GEO 201 INTRODUCTION OF EARTH SCIENCE - 3 CREDITS
This is an introduction to basic concepts in earth science. It covers issues such as the crust of earth; rocks; weathering, mass wasting, groundwater, wind, running water, glaciers, diastrophism volcanism; mountains, plateaus and plains; earthquakes; structure of Africa and Ghana; oceanography; geological time scale; the earth and the universe.

GEO 202 GEOGRAPHY THOUGHT - 3 CREDITS
The course deals with mature and scope of geography as a discipline. It traces the development of geography from the classical times to the present with emphasis on what constitutes the core of Geography and the changing emphasis on the core of the discipline. It will also deal with the history, philosophy and methods of geography and the contribution of individuals and groups to the development of the discipline.

GEO 203: INTRODUCTION TO CARTOGRAPHY & SURVEYING  - 3 CREDITS
This course introduces students to the rudiments of cartography and surveying. Emphasis will be on the development of skills in map reading and interpretation, map-making and understanding the selection of maps for specific purposes; historical aspects of map-making advanced map production techniques, surveying, preparation for colour printing and techniques of relief representation

GEO 204 LOCAL FIELD STUDIES - 3 CREDITS
The course aims at introducing students to physical and human features on the University campus, Cape Coast and the Central Region. Topics to be covered will include techniques of data collection, interpretation and representation of information; types of land uses, economic actives in and around Cape Coast, and their implications for the environment and socio-economic development.

MAT 201 INTRODUCTION TO ABSTRACT ALGEBRA - 3 CREDITS
Injective, subjective and objective mappings. Product of mappings, inverse of a mapping. Binary operations on a set. Properties of binary operations (communtative, associative and distributive properties). Relations on a set. Equivalence relations, equivalence classes. Partitions of set induced by an equivalence relation on the set. Partial and total order relations on a set. Well-ordered sets. Natural numbers; mathematics induction. Sum of the powers of natural numbers and allied series. Integers; divisors, primes, greatest common divisor, relatively prime integers, the division algorithm, congruencies, the algebra of residue classes. Rational and irrational numbers.

 MAT 202 VECTOR ALGEBRA AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS - 3 CREDITS
Vector Algebra with applications to three-dimensional geometry. First order differential equations; applications to integral curves and orthogonal trajectories. Ordinary linear differential equations with constant co-efficient and equation reducible to this type.  Simultaneous linear differential equations. Introduction to partial differential equations.

MAT 203: FURTHER CALCULUS  - 3 CREDITS
Differentiation of inverse, circular, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbole and inverse hyperbolic functions. Leibnitz’s theorem. Application of differentiation to stationary points. Asymptotes, graph sketching, differentials, L’Hospital  rule. Integration by substitution, by parts and by use of partial fractions. Reduction formulae. Applications of integration to plane areas, volumes and surfaces of revolution, arc length and moments of inertia. Functions of several  variables, partial derivatives.

MAT 204 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS - 3 CREDITS
Permutations and combinations. Concept of probability-interpretations of probability; axioms; Conditional probability; independence; total probability; Bayes’ theorem. Distribution of random variable-expectations and variance; discrete and continuous cases e.g. binomial, Poisson and normal. Descriptive statistics-diagrammatic representations; summary statistics. Correlations-scatter diagrams; Pearson product-moment coefficient; of correlation; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient; Introduction to simple linear regression-the model based on the method of least squares; interpretation of regression coefficients.

MGT 206    ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR   - 3 CREDITS
This course is a continuation of the course in principles of management.  Topics to be covered include theory of motivation, group behaviour and dynamics, leadership styles and roles, managing conflicts, organizational change and development.

BUS 302 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION - 3 CREDITS
The course seeks to equip students with the general principles of communication as well as effective ways of communicating. The course will introduce students to the general role of communication in modern organizations and the use of various communication media-presentations, reports, memoranda, and resume. A significant aspect of the course is the introduction of students to electronic communication in business.

BUS 305   HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - 3 CREDITS
The aim of this course is to provide students with a complete, comprehensive review of essential human resource management concepts and techniques that are needed in this technological and competitive age.  The course encompasses such topics as the implications of technology for design of jobs, recruitment and selection performance appraisal, training and development, compensation and the implications for the risk management in a changing workplace. Further, the course offers students with the opportunity to consider the recruitment and selection process from both applicant’s and employers’ point of view, identifying the skills necessary to select effectively and apply for job successfully.

BUS 308 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING - 3 CREDITS
Effective marketing is central to successful management in both profits – centered and not-for-profit organisations.  This module provides an in-depth understanding of the marketing decisions faced by managers and the relevant factors that impact on these decisions.  The course is committed to developing high calibre students with potential to make substantial contributions to the marketing discipline.  It aims to provide students with an understanding of the development of marketing and its changing role within a variety of organisations.  It also seeks to provide students with an awareness of the various tools of the marketer, an appreciation of their strengths and weaknesses and the skills necessary to use them effectively and creatively at an operational level, in the process of identifying, influencing, and satisfying demand.

BUS 309    -   OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT – 3 CREDITS
The purpose of this course is to review the issues that production and operations managers face and the decisions that are required to manage production and operations well.  Topics include corporate and operations strategies, strategic role of operations and their management, operations strategies for competitive advantage, designing products, processes and services, effective reliability and maintenance management, locating both manufacturing and service operations, layout planning manufacturing and service operations, layout planning and manufacturing, retail and service facilities, labour planning and job design, global competition and continuous improvement.

COM 301   TAXATION -  3 CREDITS
The course is a general study of taxes applicable to employees, business entities and their proprietors, partners, or shareholders.  It examines the tax legislations in Ghana.  The courses deal with the tax system and its administration in Ghana, determination of assessable income and computing of tax liability for employees, sole traders and partnerships, computation of the corporation’s tax liability for individual companies.  It also deals with the principles and scope of Value Added Tax (VAT)

COM 302: COST ACCOUNTING - 3 CREDITS
The aim of this course is to help the students to explain and apply costing principles, methods and techniques in different organisations.  Areas covered include flow of costs in service and manufacturing enterprises element of manufacturing costs and cost concepts; job cost processes; the influence of activity on cost behaviour; cost analysis for management decisions, budgets for planning and control.

ECO 301: INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
This course deepens students’ understanding of consumer theory, production theory, market structures, input markets, general equilibrium, welfare economics and market failures at the intermediate level. The course involves a detailed study of demand and supply analysis, theories of consumer behaviour, theories of producer behaviour, and market structures. In addition, the students also learn about the combination of general equilibrium and welfare.

ECO 302: INTERMEDIATE MACROECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course involves the study of National Income and Product Accounts. The students learn about the exposition of Keynesian Income-Expenditure model, IS-LM model, the role of fiscal and monetary policies in the IS-LM model, aggregate demand and aggregate supply, inflation and employment, and open economy macroeconomics.

ECO 303 INTERMEDIATE STATISTICS I - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to introduce the concept of statistical inference, probability theory, discrete and continuous probability distributions and their properties, sampling distributions and normal distribution. The students will learn about how to apply these distributions in economic problems.

ECO 304 INTERMEDIATE STATISTICS II - 3 CREDITS
This course covers descriptive statistics, probability and probability distributions, regression analysis, correlation and analysis of variance. It exposes students to the use of statistics in Economics and Research.

ECO 305 PROJECT APPRAISAL I - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to cover financial appraisal of projects, cycle and sequence of project development, financial appraisal of projects, and static and dynamic measure of project appraisal. The students learn about the tools of project appraisal and how to apply them in economic, financial and social project.

ECO 306 PROJECT APPRAISAL II - 3 CREDITS
This course is designed to introduce students to the structural features and management of the Ghanaian economy. The course also looks at the Economic Recovery and Structural Adjustment Programmes, development policies, sectoral growth, and population growth issues.

ECO 308 ECONOMY OF GHANA  - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to introduce students to the structural features and management of the Ghanaian economy.  The course also looks at the Economic Recovery and Structural Adjustment Programmes, development policies, sectoral growth, and the population growth issues.

ECO 309 GLOBAL ECONOMIC ISSUES AND POLICIES - 3 CREDITS
The course looks at the emerging issues in international trade and finance. The course examines the relationship between industrial structure and trade, and the performance of the public sector in the global economy. The course enables the students to think from Global perspective.

ECO 310 E-COMMERCE ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to look at the foundations of electronic commerce. The course also looks at the applications of electronic commerce in the areas of industrial organisation, public economics, monetary economics and international economics.

ECO 311 POVERTY ECONOMICS   - 3 CREDITS
The course introduces the tools and techniques used for the evaluation of the impact of economic policies on poverty and income distribution. The course also discusses the Ghana’s Poverty Reduction Strategy and techniques used for the measurement of poverty.

ECO 312 INSURANCE ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course looks at the various insurance companies operating in Ghana. It also looks at the management structure of these insurance companies and the products which are offered for insurance, e.g. accident insurance, property insurance, health insurance, etc.

ECO 313: ECONOMICS OF HIV/AIDS - 3 CREDITS
The course teaches the techniques used to evaluate the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in developed and developing countries. The course also introduces the students about Ghana Aids Commission strategy and donors’ strategy to tackle HIV/AIDS.

ECO 314 ECONOMICS OF CAPITAL MARKETS - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to familiarize the students about capital markets that exist in developed and developing countries. The course also looks at the management and operation of stock exchange market of Ghana.

ECO 315 ECONOMICS OF TOURISM - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to introduce students the economic aspects of tourism and recreational facilities. The course looks at the development of beaches, national forest parks, historical sites, hotels and restaurants, and traditional crafts.

EMT 390A: MICRO TEACHING - 3 CREDITS
In this course, students practice specific teaching skills in a non-threatening environment, getting feedback from peers and supervisors. The specific teaching skills and practices include questioning techniques, use of the chalkboard other audio-visual resources, systematic presentation, and lesson closure. Also, opportunities are provided for students to observe good models of teaching through video presentations and demonstration of specific teaching techniques.

EMT 390B MICRO TEACHING - 3 CREDITS
In this course, students practice specific teaching skills in a non-threatening environment, getting feedback from peers and supervisors. The specific teaching skills and practices include questioning techniques, use of the chalkboard and other audio-visual resources, systematic presentation, and lesson closure. Also opportunities are provided for students to observe good models of teaching through video presentations and demonstration of specific teaching techniques.

EPS 301A: ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION - 3 CREDITS
This course introduces students to educational assessment. It deals with terms and concepts in assessment including continuous assessment and its practice in Ghana, goals and learning targets of instruction and their relevance in students’ assessment, characteristics of test results (validity and reliability), constructing achievement tests (multiple-choice, true/false, matching, constructed response type and essay), test administration and test score interpretation.

EPS 302: RESEARCH METHODS - 3 CREDITS
This course introduces the student to scientific enquiry in education. It presents to the student the nature of research, including characteristics of scientific research; the research problem, sources and characteristics of scientific research; the research problem, sources and characteristics; literature review, its relevance and steps involved; basic research designs including descriptive survey, correlation, experimental and ex-post facto research  and processing and interpreting data. Research proposal and report writing are also discussed.

ESS 302 TEACHING ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course highlights the place of economics in the school curriculum and synthesises the theoretical basis for planning and implementing economics instructional programmes.  A variety of methods and techniques which are useful in teaching economics is provided and ample opportunities are given for students to develop skills in the planning, implementation and evaluation of eco. nomics instruction

GEO 301 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY I - 3 CREDITS
This course deals with issues in physical geography such as the physical, chemical and biological processes of landform development. Topics will include general notions of the earth; land and water distribution; theories of origin of continental shelves and submarine canyons, isostasy; internal and external forces, eustasy, stillstand; the concepts of the pediplanation and peneplanation; systems concept in geomorphology; concept of climatic geomorphology; continental drift and plate tectonics; coastal processes; karst processes; riverine processes, processes of wind erosion and other geomorphic processes.

GEO 302 CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY - 3 CREDITS
The course introduces students to basic issues in the study of weather and climate as well as the dynamics of the earth’s atmosphere. It also examines the fundamental principles and concepts in hydrology. These include composition and structure of the atmosphere, radiation and heating of  the earth’s atmosphere, the dynamics of pressure and wind system, atmospheric moisture and precipitation processes; the hydrological cycle: characteristics of precipitation; infiltration processes; ground water; surface runoff and water losses.

GEO 303 INTRODUCTION TO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND SOILS – 3 CREDITS
The course deals with basic processes governing the geographic distribution of biota and soils of the world. Topics will include the concept of ecosystem, bio-geochemical cycles, distribution of world vegetation and soil; methods of classification of vegetations and soils; soil erosion and conservation of world forests and soils. Special emphasis will be on the vegetation and soils of Ghana and their implications for socio-economic development.

GEO 311 REGIONAL ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING - 3 CREDITS
The course will build on some of the issues from GEO 104 and discuss broad issues of development and theories of regional economic growth (e.g. export base, growth pole). It will also deal with thematic studies such as population, transportation and rural development, as they relate to regional development; techniques of regional analysis (e.g. gravity models, Lorenz curves, cost-benefit analysis)

GEO 312 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT         - 3 CREDITS
The course will deal with issues and concept of resources, utilization and resource management as well as risk analysis. Other concepts that will be discussed include concept of rural resources and their management for planning and development; concept of urban development and planning; regional inequalities and peripheral areas in integrated rural development; land use development strategies and policies and the impact of resources development on the environment; resource planning, administration and policy; social, economic, political and institutional framework for resource management in Africa and Ghana.

GEO 316: GEOGRAPHY OF DEVELOPMENT WITH EMPHASIS OF GHANA - 3 CREDITS
The course aims to examine the relevance of geography to the development problems confronting sub-Saharan Africa, with emphasis on Ghana. Topics to be covered with include issues of location, slavery, colonization, resource identification and utilization; issues of marginalization, structure of economy pattern to trade, role of transportation in development, industrial development and sustainable environment; issues of regional groupings and international relations such as north-south relationships, south-south relationships and their implications for the development of Africa.

GEO 321 CARTOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
This course deals with basic aspects of map-making, from compilation through to reproduction. It will involve the development of skills in drafting, generalization, symbolization, design, and familiarization with sources of maps. The course will also include history of map –making and the development of maps; digital map-making. There will be practical aspects including surveying of the campus.

MAT 301 ADVANCED CALCULUS I  - 3 CREDITS
Limit and continuity of functions of several variables. Partial derivatives, differentials, composite, homogenous and implicit functions. Jacobians, orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, multiple integrals. Mean value and Taylor’s theorems for several  variables. Maxima and minima with applications.

MAT 302 ADVANCED CALCULUS II - 3 CREDITS
Limits, continuity and derivatives of vector functions. Gradient divergence and curl. Formulae involving gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian and orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Line integrals. Green’s theorem in the plane. Surface Integrals. The divergence theorem. Improper integrals. Gamma and Beta functions. The Riemann Stieltjes Integral. Pointwise and uniform convergence of sequence and series. Integration and differentiation term by term.

MAT 303 INTRODUCTORY ANALYSIS - 3 CREDITS
Limit of a sequence of real numbers, standard theorems on limits, bounded and monotonic sequences of real numbers. Infinite series of real  numbers, tests for convergence, power series. Limit, continuity and differentiability of functions of one variable. Rolle’s theorem, mean value theorems, Talyor’s theorem. Definition and simple properties of the Riemann Integral.

BUS 401   FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - 3 CREDITS
The objective of the course is to provide an integrated view of the theory of finance for financial decision-making in a corporate context. Topics include – introduction and objective of Financial Management, Financial System, sources and debt and equity finance, financial statement analysis, time value of money, investment decision – evaluation methods and cashflow determination, leasing working capital management – inventory, accounts receivable and liquid assets.
Areas to be covered will include ethical / philosophical and business related subject.  Lecturers will include invited speakers from the business community and the public sector.

BUS 402 INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT - 3 CREDITS
This course explores and provides an understanding of the institutional, operational and the legal framework of the investment environment in Ghana.  It deals with investment opportunities available in the economy to individual and institutional investors.  It seeks to equip the students with the capacity to evaluate and analyse actual and potential investments and to understand the forces governing financial behaviour in contemporary securities market.

BUS 404 COMPANY LAW II - 3 CREDITS
This is a continuation of the course in Company Law I, Topics to be covered include the nature and classification of company securities, company charges, accounts, auditors, general meeting, directors’ duties, the principles of majority rule, public offers of securities and administrations, windings-up and dissolutions.

BUS 408 ENTREPRENEURSHIP - 3 CREDITS
This course focuses on issues related to entrepreneurship and its role in the economy. It examines the policy environment strategies for the development of business plans, the initiation of entrepreneurial values, and growth and development of entrepreneurial enterprises.  Especially it deals with analysing the role of entrepreneurship in economic development, explanation of entrepreneurial characteristics, assessing the constraints on small enterprise development, identification and evaluation business opportunities, preparing and developing business plans.

COM 403   AUDITING I - 3 CREDITS
The course deals with the analysis and application procedures of the theory and techniques of auditing principles and topics include the legal and ethical responsibilities of auditors, principles and concepts, framework and planning of audit, collecting and analyzing of audit evidence, audit procedures and risk management and quality assurance.

COM 404   AUDITING II - 3 CREDITS
The focus of this course on the nature and scope or scrutiny that enables the auditor to form and opinion as to the accuracy, truth and fairness of records and accounts.  It also deals with controls in an audit of computer based information systems, theory and practice of internal auditing, evaluation of internal audit, auditing techniques and audit reports.

COM 405 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING - 3 CREDITS
The objective of the course is to prepare the students to analyse, prepare and present accounting data for management planning, control and decision making, and assess and report on management performance, efficiency and effectiveness.
Topics to be covered include essentials of a system of planning and control, cost classification for management purposes, patterns of cost behaviour, budgeting for planning and control, responsibility accounting and performance reporting, and pricing decisions.  Long-term decision making including capital investment appraisal, decentralized organisations’ transfer pricing and performance Management, use of spread sheet software to develop financial models.

ECO 401: ADVANCED ECONOMIC THEORY - 3 CREDITS
This course is to expose students to both microeconomics and macroeconomics theories at a higher analytical level. It analyses the decisions of producers and consumers in a general equilibrium setting, introduces inter-temporal choice and risk and uncertainty in production and consumption decisions. The course also explains how the rate of interest national income and price level are determined in closed economy. The course also introduces open economy macroeconomics.

ECO 403 ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT I - 3 CREDITS
The course involves teaching of Classical and Neo-Classical theories. The course also looks at the strategies and policies of economic development in developed and developing countries.

ECO 404: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - 3 CREDITS
The course looks at the balanced and unbalanced growth theories, and theories of import substitution and industrialization. The curse examines the budgets, agricultural sector, capital inflows and trade sector of the developing countries.

ECO 408: PUBLIC FINANCE - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to equip students with the relevant skills and techniques to analyse the ways in which public sector decisions are taken. The course involves the discussion of size and growth of public sector, problems of equity and redistribution, theories of public expenditure and taxation, cost-benefit analysis, and Ghana’s tax system.

ECO 409: INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORY - 3 CREDITS
The course explores the traditional and new theories of trade and gains form trade. The effect of commercial policies on trade and welfare is analysed. The concept of economic integration and monetary union is discussed. Various trade organizations such as WTO, UNCTAD, etc. and their policies towards developing countries are explored.

ECO 410 OPEN ECONOMY MACROECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
- 3 CREDITS
The course exposes the students to the working of foreign exchange markets, Central Bank and the International Monetary System. It analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on national income and balance of payments in an open economy.

ECO 413 MONETARY ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to equip students with the fundamental knowledge of monetary theories and the workings of financial institutions. The course looks at the theories of demand for money and the supply of money. The functions of central bank, commercial banks, rural banks and non-banking financial institutions are discussed. Issues of monetary growth and inflation are also examined.

ECO 411: ECONOMICS OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 3 CREDITS
This course introduces students to the sustainable and environment development, the concept of externality, public goods, and theory of optimal extraction of renewable environmental resources and optimal emission of waste. The course also looks at sanitation and health, waste management, and valuation of environmental resources.

ECO 413 MONETARY ECONOMICS - 3 CREDITS
The course is designed to equip students with the fundamental knowledge of monetary theories and the workings of financial institutions. The course looks at the theories of demand for money and the supply of money. The functions of central bank, commercial banks, rural banks and non-banking financial institutions are discussed. Issues of monetary growth and inflation are also examined.

EDF 401: HISTORY & MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION IN GHANA - 3 CREDITS
The course is in two p arts. The first part deals with the role of government and non-governmental bodies in the development and growth of formal education in Ghana. The second part examines administration theories and their influence on the management and administration of school systems in Ghana.

EFE 490 EDUCATIONAL FIELD EXPERIENCE - 3 CREDITS
This is a capstone experience in which the student spends a minimum of 4 weeks in a school setting appropriate to his/her professional career goals. The student in turn teaches assigned classes and subjects under the guidance of school-based mentors. Supervisors from the University of Cape Coast visit the schools regularly to monitor the student’s progress and offer counseling and professional support.

EPS 412: GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING - 3 CREDITS
Guidance and counseling assists in the complete development of the individual in a way that ensures or maximizes personal growth and success in life. This course recognizes that
Secondary school students need guidance to be able to attain their full potential and maximize the benefits of their educational experience. It attempts to equip the student with information that will enable him/her to facilitate this process in a secondary school setting. At the end of the course, students should be able to show a clear understanding of the guidance concept in the context of school personnel work, examine the principles under girding guidance practice, explore the services of a given guidance programme, show how to operationalise each guidance service, examine school-related problems and show how they can be addressed and examine the role of guidance personnel .

ESS 405 TEACHING GEOGRAPHY - (3 CREDITS)
The course is designed to improve student’s knowledge of the content of school geography and to equip them with the skills required for designing and implementing instructional programmes in geography. Students are introduced to various approaches to geography teaching, the development and use of teaching/learning materials, and lastly, the professional training of the geography teacher.

ESS 499: PROJECT WORK  - 3 CREDITS
This course aims at providing students some form of clinical supervision in the writing of their project work or dissertation.  The supervisor is expected to assist the student to identify a researchable topic; direct the student to the existing literature; assist in refining the methodology; supervise the research process; and act as a critic at all times and particularly at the writing stage.  At the end of the course, students, work is evaluated by their supervisors according to a laid down assessment format.

GEO 401 CLIMATOLOGY (PRE-REQUISITE GEO 302) - 3 CREDITS
The course will focus on practical application of the knowledge acquired in GEO 302 (Climatology and Hydrology). Emphasis will be on the effect of weather and climate on human beings and human activities in different parts of the world, with focus on West Africa and Ghana. Among the issues will be the concept of water balance; weather modification and climatic change; bio-climatology; agro-climatology; climate and construction; climate and health; climatic classifications, urban climates, climates of the world; atmospheric diffusion and pollution.

GEO 402GEOMORPHOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY II - 3 CREDITS (Pre-requisite Geo 301)
This course builds on GEO 301 and deals with concepts and issures on continental shelf; submarine canyons; continental slope; mid-ocean ridges; seamounts; guyots; abyssal plains; ocean deeps; marine deposits; earth’s interior and structure; volcanic landforms; rocks; mountains, plateaus and plains ; fluvial landforms; hot desert landforms; landforms of hot humid areas; glaciated landform; lakes; coastal landforms; other landforms. Field trips.

GEO 404 BIOGRAPHY (PRE-REQUISITE GEO 303) - 3 CREDITS
The course builds on GEO 303 (Introduction to Biogeography and Soils) and examines further the foundational principles and concepts in biogeography. Topics will includes: dynamics and types of ecosystems (forest, grassland desert ecosystems); origin and dispersion of plants and animals; vegetation succession; fire as ecological factor (e.g. uses of fire in wildlife and forest management); environmental pollution, degradation and management with reference to Africa and Ghana.

GEO 411 GEOGRAPHY OF HEALTH - 3 CREDITS
The course applies basic concepts and issues in geography to socio-economic dimensions of health and diseases e.g. health transition; methods and sources of data for the study of medical geography; environmental, socio-economic and cultural factors influencing disease distribution and diffusion; health seeking behaviour of sub-population distribution and location of health care facilities in Ghana; health planning; national health policy. There will be a special issue on emerging diseases such as HIV/AIDS; severe acute respiratory syndrome and ebola.

GEO 412 TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
The course focuses on two major themes within the broad context of transport geography as a whole. The first is the contextual perspective emphasizing the tools transport geographers use to investigate problems such as methods of study of transport as a factor in socio-economic development using materials from Ghana and other tropical African countries. The second focuses on application of the tools learned to specific transport issues including travel to work, access to facilities and network development. The two themes will overlap, although there will be an emphasis on the theoretical framework in the first half of the semester and on applications in the second.

GEO 414 POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT - 3 CREDITS
The course deals with concepts and issues in the population-development relationship. Among the main issues are the theoretical perspectives on the population-development inter-relationship, characteristics of population; components of population change; perception and behaviour; implications of quantify and quality of population for the environment and development; population and sustainable environment for development; effects of selected activities on the environment at the macro and micro scales; national population policy.

GEO  416 AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY - 3 CREDITS
This course involves theoretical perspectives on the development of agriculture in the world, agricultural systems and the population-agriculture nexus. It also deals with analysis of the spatial, organizational and structural attributes of agricultural phenomena with emphasis on the African agricultural scene. Other issues are agriculture-environmental degradation relationship, agricultural and management and conservation and changing patterns of land use.

GEO 433 REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY (PRE-REQUISITE 312/322) - 3 CREDITS
The course deals with the interpretation of physical and cultural geographic phenomena as recorded by orbital and aerial sensing systems. Emphasis is on the nature of data recorded and the techniques used for the production and interpretation of maps; contemporary aerial photographs, satellite and radar data. Topics to be covered include Principles of electromagnetic radiation; image characteristics; sources of remote sensing information, characteristics of aerial photographs and remote sensing systems.

MAT 401 REAL ANALYSIS I - 3 CREDITS
Metric spaces, open spheres and open sets. Limit points and closed sets. Interior, closure and boundary of a set. Sequences in Rn, subsequences. Upper and lower limits of real sequences. Continuous functions on metric spaces. Uniform continuity, isometry, homomorphism. Complete metric spaces compact sets in a metric space, Heine-Borel theorem, connected set, inter-mediate value theorem.

MAT 402: REAL ANALYSIS II - 3 CREDITS
Countable and uncountable sets, countability of the rationals and uncountability of the reals. Measurable sets and functions. The Lebesque’s integral where E is a measurable subset of the real line and f is measurable on E. Lp [a,b] spaces. The Lp space as metric spaces. Cauchy sequences in Lp spaces, completencess of Lp spaces, the Riesz-Fischer theorem. Mean convergence in the space Lp

MAT 403 MODERN ALGEBRA II - 3 CREDITS
Direct sum of subspaces. Complement of subspace in a vector space. Dimensions of the sum of two subspaces. One-to one, onto and bijective linear transformations. Isomorphism of vector spaces. Matrix of a linear transformation relative to a basis. Orthogonal transformations, rotations and reflections. Real quadratic forms, positive definite forms. Cosets and index of a subgroup, Lagrange’s theorem. Normal subgroups and quotient groups. The residual class ring. Homomorphism and isomorphism to rings, subrings. Ideals and quotient rings. Axioms for the integral domains, with examples. Subdomains and subfields. Ordered integral domains and fields. Polynomial rings. Field of quotients of an integral domain.

MAT 404 COMPLEX ANALYSIS - 3 CREDITS
Complex numbers, sequences and series of complex numbers. Limits and continuity of functions of complex variables; Elementary functions of a complex variable. Cauchy-Riemann criterion for differentiability. Analytic functions. Complex integrals, Taylor’s and Laurent’s calculus of residues, contour integration. Conformal mapping

MAT 405 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS - 3 CREDITS
Linear differential  equation of order n with coefficients continuous on some interval J. Existence-uniqueness theorem of  linear equations of order n. Determination of a particular solution of non-homogeneous equations by the method of variation of parameters. Wronskian matrix of  n independent solutions  of a homogeneous linear equation. Ordinary and singular points for linear equations of the second order. Solution near a singular point, method of Frobenius. Singularities at infinity. Simple examples of Boundary value problems for ordinary linear equation of the second order, Green’s functions. Eigenvalues, eigenfunctions. Strurm-Liouville systems. Properties of the gamma and beta functions. Definition of the gamma function for negative values of the argument; Legendre, Bessel, Chebyshev, Hypergeometric functions. Orthogonality properties.

MAT 406 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS - 3 CREDITS
First and second order partial differential equations. Classification of second order linear partial differential equations, derivation of standard equation. Methods of solution of initial and boundary value problems, separation of variables, Fourier series and their applications to boundary value problems in partial differential equation of engineering and physics. Internal transform methods; Fourier and Laplace transforms and their application to boundary value problems.

MAT 407: NUMERICAL ANAYSIS I - 3 CREDITS
Fortran programmming; round off errors and floating-point arithmetic. Solution of non-linear equations, bracketing, fixed point methods, zeros of polynomials. Interpolation and approximation; Polynomial interpolation, orthogonal polynomial, least squares approximations; approximation by rational function. Numerical differentiation and integration, interpolatory numerical integration, adaptive quadrature.

MAT 408: INTRODUCTORY FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS - 3 CREDITS
Elementary functional analysis including such topics as normed linear spaces, linear operators, Banach and Hilbert spaces.

MAT 410: QUANTUM MECHANICS - 3 CREDITS
Historical origin of Quantum Theory: Blackbody radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Optical Spectra of atoms. General formalism of Quantum theory: operators, wave functions and their physical significance, expectation value, commutation relations, uncertainty principle. The Schroedinger equation, infinite square well, the square well in three dimensions, central potential, step potential. The Harmonic Oscillator, Angular momentum in quantum mechanics. Approximation methods: Stationary Perturbation theory, Variational method, WKB approximation, Theory of Scattering.

MGT 402: INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS - 3 CREDITS
The aim of this course is to introduce students to the basic theories and practices of Industrial Relations, particularly in Ghana. It tries to explain how politics takes place into work environment and the factors that shaping the conduct of Industrial Relations in Ghana today. It also deals with employers response to trade unions, the arbitration system, the history of wage determination, collective bargaining, occupational safety and health, negotiation and advocacy.

MGT 403    LAW AND PROCEDURE OF MEETINGS - 3 CREDITS
The object of the course is to introduce students to one of the most important aspects of the conduct of business – holding formal meetings, especially law and procedures applicable to company meetings, meetings, it deals with the general principles of meetings, preparation, rules and laws, legality, public and private, standing orders, agendas, committees.  It also deals with the role of the secretary, the chairperson, notice, quorum, proxies, adjournment, voting, minutes.  It also deals with law.

MGT 405 INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIES   - 3 CREDITS
The course seeks to equip students with the general principles and practices of industrial organisational psychology. The course will introduce students to the general role of industrial organisational psychology, cognitive processes, groups and leadership. A significant aspect of this course is the introduction of students to, industrial psychology and safety and clinical psychology.

STA 402: STATISTICAL INFERENCE - 3 CREDITS
Estimation theory – unbiased estimators; efficiency; consistency; sufficiency; robustness. The method of moments. The method of maximum likelihood. Bayesian estimation – prior and posterior distributions; Bayes’ theorem; Bayesian significant testing and confidences intervals Applications – point and intervals. Estimations of means, variances, differences between means etc. Hypothesis testing theory – test functions; the Neyman – Pearson Lemma; the power function of tests, Likelihood ratio test.